Hello Jonah,
Let me gather some additional information.
PowerPress Specific: Do you have post type podcasting enabled? Or are you using podcast channels?
Site wide: Did you make any changes to your site, move your site or anything in the last year?
You are using a post type with the slug "podcast", this conflicts with the podcast feed "podcast". You can disable the powerpress "podcast" feed with a define in your wp-config, or you can set a setting in PowerPress to make this work. We document this for the page or category named "podcast" here and it may be the same solution for you as well:
https://create.blubrry.com/resources/powerpress/advanced-tools-and-options/disabling-powerpress/I will warn though with every major update to WordPress, the way the permalink structure is managed by WordPress can change and the option 2 "2 Create a root level page or category" listed on the link i just provided may no longer work.
The problem with the media URL not populating the episode box is a major one and it indicates to me that perhaps the podcast feed slug name was changed in some way. It could also indicate a problem with the wp-admin area selecting data from the database, again info on if you made any changes, migrated to different hosting, etc.. could pin point what could be the cause.